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Portingbury Hills
Portingbury Hills () or Portingbury Rings is a hill in Hatfield Forest, Little Hallingbury, Hatfield Broad Oak, Essex, suggested to date to the Iron Age or Bronze Age. It consists of a 3 features, a hill and mound connected by a zig-zag causeway formed by 2 almost parallel ditches to another rectangular enclosure measuring 30 x 21 metres (100 x 70 ft) surrounded by a large ditch with a suggested bank up to 11 metres wide (35 ft). It is located in the northwest of Hatfield Forest in Beggarshall coppice. It has been considered to be an ancient defensive enclosure, but is too small to be a hill fort and is not in a defensible position.〔Huggins, P.J., 1978, 'Pappus and Pontingbury' Essex Archaeological Society Transactions Vol. 10 p. 225-6〕
Archaeological excavations were carried out in 1964–1965 with recovered evidence including a small flint blade 4 cm long, animal bones, flints, and charcoal with very slight dating evidence suggesting Iron Age construction. The archaeologists suggested that the initial, ‘V’ shaped, ditch surrounding the mound would have been approximately 2 metres in depth suggesting it once had earth ramparts supported by timber. Smaller banks have been noted to cross Shermore Brook to Spittlemore coppice.〔Wilkinson, P., 1978, 'Portingbury Hills or Rings' Essex Archaeological Society Transactions Vol. 10 p. 221-4 (excavation report)〕
In 1975 retired geologist and researcher Christian O'Brien suggested that Portingbury Hills had a purpose in archaeoastronomy and was constructed in the Bronze Age which gave it some brief coverage in the Sunday Telegraph. O'Brien suggested that the mound was aligned astronomically with Wandlebury Hill via a series of equally spaced, hand-carved, stone monoliths forming a Loxodrome. Eleven of the original twenty-six markers are still in situ, such as the Leper Stone, with several of the other distinctive stones lying nearby.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 The Geology of Essex )〕 O'Brien's theory met with mixed reviews from astronomers and archaeologists.〔(The Antiquaries Journal, Volume 57, Oxford University Press, 1978 )〕 Glyn Daniel, Professor of Archaeology at Cambridge University dismissed the paper as "nonsense" and Alexander Thom could find nothing in it to revise the documented view of Wandlebury as an Iron Age Fort. Archie Roy, Professor of Astronomy at Glasgow University commented that "in the absence of a more convincing explanation, this conclusion also has to be taken very seriously.” 〔 (Excerpt ) from Google Books retrieved 6 March 2011.〕
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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